{"id":53479,"date":"2021-08-22T16:28:48","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T14:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/topa.be\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/spc-the-architecture\/"},"modified":"2021-11-07T13:00:51","modified_gmt":"2021-11-07T12:00:51","slug":"architectuur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/architectuur\/","title":{"rendered":"SPK The architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53479\" class=\"elementor elementor-53479 elementor-33935\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9936ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9936ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df84752\" data-id=\"df84752\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29a4907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29a4907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Saint Paul\u2019s, the Antwerp Dominican church, a revelation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9920e0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9920e0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5277fbc\" data-id=\"5277fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f5057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73f5057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The architecture: gothic and symbolism<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d883c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d883c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d5f06d5\" data-id=\"d5f06d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9cf7b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9cf7b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the duchy of Brabant, to which Antwerp belonged, the international Gothic style, developed into a specific regional variant, especially in church building. The characteristics of this\u00a0<strong>Brabant Gothic style<\/strong>, applied to Saint Paul\u2019s, are:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>a\u00a0<strong>very austere exterior architecture<\/strong>. Convent churches are boxed in anyhow, but in 16<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century Brabant also city churches were surrounded by houses, so that at the outside only the porches were visible. A sober design is also the characteristic of mendicant orders. In Saint Paul\u2019s the late Gothic tracery in the mullioned windows is the only exterior decoration.<\/li>\n<li>compartmentalized\u00a0<strong>corridors with (high) parapets<\/strong>\u00a0underneath the upper windows, as a kind of corruption of the original triforium.<\/li>\n<li>pillars on\u00a0<strong>octagonal bases<\/strong>. Sometimes, as in Saint Paul\u2019s these pillars are cylindrical and are crowned with capitals with cabbage leaves motifs. The effect of this is less streamlined than that of compound pillars without capitals.<\/li>\n<li>the more elaborate compartmentalization of the stained glass windows has been limited to four here. Because only little wall surface remains, the result is exceptionally elegant, especially since the proportions are so balanced: the lower arcade takes as much space as the clerestory, and the balustrade of the corridor serves as a discrete separation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the interior walls brick was used, whereas the exterior paraments and constructive parts have been made of\u00a0<strong>sandstone<\/strong>\u00a0(\u201c<strong>Ledische zandsteen<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #3366ff;\"><em>Dimensions<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 288px; width: 100%; background-color: #ebb028;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 72px;\">length:<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 72px;\">in total ca 88 m (589ft), consisting of the nave (38.32 m = 125ft 8in), the transept (11.60m = 38ft) and the choir (39m = 128ft)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">height:<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">nave, transept and choir: 24.9m (81ft 6in), crossing: 26m (85ft 3in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">width:<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">in total 25m (82ft), of which the central nave 11.3m (37ft), the choir 11.1m (36ft 5in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 120px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 120px;\">The total roof surface is about 3,000m\u00b2 (32,292 ft\u00b2), it is covered with nearly 200,000 slates, of which each has been fastened with two copper nails and of which the total weight is 87 tonnes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_shadow vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_black\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fef87a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fef87a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">With some spatial symbolism<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b3ec71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b3ec71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Now the floor level of the church is about 1.7m (= 5.5ft) above street level. The\u00a0<strong>steps<\/strong>\u00a0in Nosestraat make one experience the figurative \u2018elevation\u2019 of the sacred space, reminding us of the psalm-verse\u00a0<em>\u201cLet us go up to the House of the Lord\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(Ps. 122:1) Here you are assimilated into Beauty, which exceeds temporality. \u00a0After all the church is not a common space for religious services, but wants to evoke \u2018Heavenly Jerusalem\u2019. The consecrated church first of all is\u00a0<strong>meant to be the house of God<\/strong>, where one may be a guest, especially at the altar, and where one lets himself being filled with the Light of God\u2019s presence. Here one enters into a different dimension of life, which refers to the Perfect and the Eternal. The sacred space makes it possible to experience God\u2019s presence thanks to the following characteristics:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3977d03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3977d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The grandeur<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b99a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b99a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The height, which is 24.9m (81ft 6in) in the choir and 26m (85ft 3in) in the stellar vault, combined with the depth (of 88m = 289ft), which is so extraordinary thanks to the long choir, determines the grandeur. It is a pity that the coloured light of the stained glass windows, which marked the space even more, has disappeared. The special effect must have been even bigger for those who, in former days, lived in a small house such as the ones at the foot of the fa\u00e7ade (p. 17). Symbolically this religious idea of God\u2019s eternity (\u2018transcendence\u2019) is supported by the golden\u00a0<strong>stars<\/strong>, which represent the firmament of Heaven. In the same way as we cannot grasp the stars with our hands, we cannot\u00a0<strong>grasp<\/strong>\u00a0God with our brain. However much God transcends our limited intellectual capacity was depicted in a 15<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century painting on a side altar. In it we see Saint Augustine on the beach, meeting a little boy who tries in vain to pour the water of the entire sea into a little pit. The saint, who questions the seriousness of this attempt, receives the reply that his attempt to understand the full mystery of God is even less realistic.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fac9084\" data-id=\"fac9084\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd70e1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd70e1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30123\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-856f03f elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"856f03f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"menu-beschrijving-spk-engels-container\" aria-label=\"Menu\"><ul id=\"menu-beschrijving-spk-engels\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-61132\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/\">Saint Paul\u2019s Church<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-61133\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/\">History and description<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61134\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61135\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61135\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\">Historic context<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61136\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61136\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/bouwgeschiedenis\/\">The building history<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61137\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sint-dominicus\/\">Saint Dominic<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61138\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sint-paulus\/\">Saint Paul<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61139\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/toren\/\">The tower<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61140\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61140\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/architectuur\/\">The architecture<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61141\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61141\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/grondplan\/\">Floor plan and legend<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61142\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61142\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/\">The sanctuary<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61143\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/hoofdaltaar\/\">A proper high altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61144\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61144\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/koorgestoelte\/\">The choir stalls<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61145\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/stoffering\/\">Decoration of the choir<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61146\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/\">Chapel of the Holy Sacrament<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61147\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsaltaar\/\">The Holy Sacrament altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61148\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsaltaaromlijsting\/\">The Holy Sacrament altar framing<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61149\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsdevotie\/\">The devotion to the Holy Sacrament<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61150\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/communiebanken\/\">The Communion Rails<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61151\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/heilig-kruisaltaar\/\">The altar of the Holy Cross<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61152\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61152\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/\">Our Lady\u2019s chapel<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61153\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61153\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/maria-altaar\/\">Our Lady\u2019s altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61154\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61154\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/olv-rozenkrans\/\">Our Lady of the Rosary<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61155\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/mariadevotiebeeld\/\">The devotional statue of Mary<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/mariadevotie\/\">Devotion to Our Lady<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/\">The mysteries of the Rosary<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61158\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61158\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/blijde-mysteries\/\">The joyful mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61159\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/droeve-mysteries\/\">The Sorrowfull Mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61160\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61160\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/glorievolle-mysteries\/\">The Glorious Mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61161\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61161\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/\">Sermon, confession, music<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61162\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61162\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/preekstoel\/\">The Pulpit<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61163\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/biechtstoelen\/\">The Confessionals<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61164\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/orgel\/\">The Organ<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61165\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/wandschilderijen\/\">The mural paintings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61166\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/schatkamer\/\">The treasury<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61167\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/\">The Calvary garden<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61168\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/lijdensverhaal\/\">The Passion<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61169\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/profeten\/\">The prophets are speaking<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61170\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/overige-figuren\/\">Other figures<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61171\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61171\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/beeldhouwwerk\/\">Sculpture by sculptor<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61172\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61172\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/veemarkt\/\">Veemarkt gate<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61173\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61173\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/pastoraal\/\">Dominican pastoral activities<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61174\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61174\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/klooster\/\">Dominican convent<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61175\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61175\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/pandgang\/\">The paintings in the cloisters<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61176\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61176\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/heilig-kruiskapel\/\">Holy Cross Chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61177\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61177\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/weekkapel\/\">SPK The weekly chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61178\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61178\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/bibliografie\/\">Bibilography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-790e04d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"790e04d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb5a147\" data-id=\"eb5a147\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624865e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"624865e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Orientation<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c5d23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63c5d23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The grandeur of the church building wants to make us experience God as the Lord of all life. The orientation of the church however indicates that God came closest to mankind in His Son Jesus. By his sacrifice of Love until his death on the cross, and by His resurrection this Jesus\u00a0 has overcome evil and has deprived death of the last word. That is why for Christians He is \u2018the Saviour of the world\u2019, \u2018the Light of the world\u2019 (after John 1:5). This explains why, just like every single medieval church, Saint-Paul\u2019s has been\u00a0<strong>oriented<\/strong>, i.e. with the high altar and the side altars oriented towards the East, where the\u00a0<strong>sun<\/strong>\u00a0rises. Just like sunlight engenders the new day and by its light and warmth makes everything grow and blossom, \u00a0Jesus offers real light to people. Christians orient themselves to Him. In the church building they do so literally and symbolically: the believers, led by the Preachers, directed their prayers in the divine offices and in the (morning) Eucharist towards the sun rising in the East.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bb8ef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5bb8ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The cruciform floor plan<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aacab59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aacab59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That the immeasurable God shows Himself in Jesus Christ, can be seen in the\u00a0<strong>floor<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>plan<\/strong>, which has the form of Jesus\u2019\u00a0<strong>cross<\/strong>. In other words: the floor plan of the church shows that this \u2018house of God\u2019 is indeed of Christian nature, which can be seen best in an aerial photo of the choir, nave and transepts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The most important part is the\u00a0<strong>choir<\/strong>, the \u2018sanctuary\u2019. Here the Preachers gathered a few times a day to pray the divine offices. This is why this choir has been conceived as\u00a0<strong>the head<\/strong>\u00a0of the crucified Jesus. After all the church community is the \u201cmystical body of Christ\u201d (Saint Paul) with the clergy as \u201cits head\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The transepts<\/strong>\u00a0represent the\u00a0<strong>transverse beam<\/strong>\u00a0of the cross.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When Jesus died at the cross, His mother remained loyal to Him until the end; this is why Mary receives the place of honour\u00a0<strong>in a crucifixion scene, i.e. Jesus right hand side.<\/strong>\u00a0This is also the reason why in the cruciform floor plan of a medieval church as this one,\u00a0<strong>Our Lady\u2019s Chapel is on the right<\/strong>, which is the northern side.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711d630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"711d630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">With the Apostles as symbolic pillars<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42020a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42020a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The<strong>\u00a0symbolism\u00a0<\/strong>of the twelve apostles is present in the very architecture of the church building, more specifically in the twelve pillars bearing the central nave. In his\u00a0<em>Epistle to the Galatians<\/em>\u00a0(2:9) Paul calls the apostles \u201cthe pillars\u201d of the Church. In\u00a0<em>Revelations\u00a0<\/em>(21:14), where the wall of Heavenly Jerusalem is supported by twelve pillars with in between the names of \u2018the Twelve\u2019, the architectural symbolism is even more explicit.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca6caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ca6caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Saint Paul&#039;s church - the 12 Apostles\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE3NDMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b3BhLmJlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9TUC1TeWxsYWJ1cy03MGMwMS1BcG9zdGVsZW4uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31743\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen-200x110.jpg 200w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c01-Apostelen-768x422.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Saint Paul's church - the 12 Apostles<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e9d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65e9d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the top of each pillar there is a more than life-size white stone apostle statue (2.25m = 7ft 4in tall), sculpted by Michiel I van der Voort. Preliminary studies of these are kept in the Antwerp Print Room; one bozzetto, that of Andrew, is in Brussels (KMSKB).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">So as to be able to realise the series of statues financially, each apostle statue became part of a funeral monument of a single wealthy citizen, with the huge plinth carrying the text of their epitaph. All persons who continue \u2018living\u2019 here in memory belonged to the same Emtinck family of substance. The order of the names of the family members is chronological according to the date of their death. The series starts with Peter, and Eduard I (\u2020 1620), the Antwerp primogenitor. Eduard III (\u2020 1724), lawyer and almoner, as mentioned in his epitaph below the apostle John, seems to have been the most central character of the twelve family members mentioned. He is the father of the six children whose names were written underneath the last six apostle statues \u2013 sometimes even decades \u2013 after the series had been realised. Moreover his date of death matches best the stylistic dating between 1700 and 1720.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The position of the apostle statues, from East to West<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<table cellspacing=\"10\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Central nave North<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Central nave South<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1. Peter<\/td>\n<td>2. Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. Andrew<\/td>\n<td>4. James the Greater<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5. John<\/td>\n<td>6. Thomas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7. James the Less<\/td>\n<td>8.\u00a0 Philip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9. Bartholomew<\/td>\n<td>10. Mathew<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11. Simon the Zealot<\/td>\n<td>12. Jude Thaddaeus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44483f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44483f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>True to tradition the apostles are barefoot \u2013 reminding Jesus\u2019 advice when He gave them their mission to proclaim faith. \u00a0In order to create a more vivid impression, most figures have one foot protruding from above the plinth. The contrast with the wide folds in their garments accentuates the muscled anatomy of these half naked Men of God. All of them have beards, except for John and Bartholomew. Many carry their instruments of torture as attributes.<\/p>\n<p>It is quite original that all apostles who contributed in writing to the New Testament, however small their contribution may have been, are represented as authors, with their writings being depicted in proportion to the volume of their contribution. Could this underline the intellectual procedure of the Dominicans when preaching?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Peter<\/strong>, the first in the order of merit, deserves being in the first place of honour, which is on the right in the cruciform floor plan. He does not carry the instrument of his torture, but only both keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, which he metaphorically received from Jesus. Does his gaze towards the choir\u00a0<strong>suggest<\/strong>\u00a0that he transfers this symbol of churchly power to the priests?<\/li>\n<li>As he is one of the most important authors of the New Testament,\u00a0<strong>Paul<\/strong>\u00a0keeps a scroll of at least eight pages in his left hand beside him, while as a great preacher he extends his hand in a rhetoric gesture in the direction of the Dominicans in the choir.<\/li>\n<li>With one hand\u00a0<strong>Andrew<\/strong>\u00a0clutches the instrument of his torture, the Saint Andrew\u2019s cross behind him. The wide gesture of his lifted open left hand, followed by his upward gaze, expresses his preference for Heaven.\u00a0 Although this statue is far less heroic the composition is indebted to Frans du Quesnoy\u2019s masterpiece in Saint Peter\u2019s in Rome.<\/li>\n<li><strong>James the Greater<\/strong>\u00a0is walking as a pilgrim, with a cloak, a staff and a travelling bag. As a true guide he indicates the direction with this right hand.<\/li>\n<li><strong>John<\/strong>, the latter\u2019s brother, and also an evangelist, exceptionally looks right in front of him and not to Heaven. He leafs through a book that is open at two excerpts. This might be an allusion to the various texts that in those days were still attributed to him. The monumental eagle at his side, with the mighty, true to nature, spread right wing is looking up at \u2018his master\u2019.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thomas<\/strong>, who is also nicknamed \u2018doubting Thomas\u2019, plucks his beard uncertainly. The spear, the instrument of his torture, consists of a wooden stick with a metal point nailed on to it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>James the Less<\/strong>\u00a0uses the instrument of his torture, a big club, as a stick to lean on. With his index he points at a quotation in the scroll of three pages, alluding to his\u00a0<em>Epistle<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Philip<\/strong>\u00a0clutches a big Latin cross with his both hands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bartholomew<\/strong>\u00a0is holding [only the hilt of what is left of] the knife, the instrument of his torture. He is identified with Nathanael, who is always mentioned together with Philip.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Matthew<\/strong>, the evangelist, is holding a bulky book, while his right foot is on a small pile of books: the registers of his former tax office, which he does not use anymore.<\/li>\n<li>Both hands of\u00a0<strong>Simon the Zealot<\/strong>\u00a0clasp the large saw, with which he is said to have been sawed through in Persia. His right elbow rests on a shortened trunk: a welcome support for the artificial crossing of his legs.<\/li>\n<li>As a martyr\u00a0<strong>Jude Thaddaeus<\/strong>\u00a0is holding three cobble stones in his lap. As he is the writer of one and also the shortest epistle of the New Testament, he is holding one tiny scroll in his right hand.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-531428b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"531428b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ace1477\" data-id=\"ace1477\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33324f8 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"33324f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/toren\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">The tower: a beacon in the seamen\u2019s quarter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a23534\" data-id=\"5a23534\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-903cb3b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"903cb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/grondplan\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Floor plan and legend<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebb966f\" data-id=\"ebb966f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a9f3cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a9f3cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>EAST<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>LICHT \u2013 LIFE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>GOD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>HEAVENLY JERUSALEM<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19dc78c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19dc78c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70b01-orientatie.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SP-Syllabus-70b01-ori\u00ebntatie\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE3MzEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b3BhLmJlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9TUC1TeWxsYWJ1cy03MGIwMS1vcmllbnRhdGllLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"764\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70b01-orientatie.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31731\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70b01-orientatie.jpg 294w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70b01-orientatie-115x300.jpg 115w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70b01-orientatie-77x200.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6739769 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6739769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>WEST<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>DARKNESS \u2013 DEATH<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>MAN<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>WORDLY ANTWERP<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f36e39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9f36e39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Saint Paul&#039;s - Apostle James the Greater\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE3NTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b3BhLmJlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9TUC1TeWxsYWJ1cy03MGMwMi1BcG9zdGVsLUphY29idXMtTWFqb3IuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"314\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-31755\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major.jpg 314w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major-92x300.jpg 92w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c02-Apostel-Jacobus-Major-61x200.jpg 61w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Saint Paul's - Apostle James the Greater<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51c8da6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"51c8da6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Saint Paul&#039;s - Apostle John\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE3NjcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b3BhLmJlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9TUC1TeWxsYWJ1cy03MGMwMy1BcG9zdGVsLUpvaGFubmVzLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-31767\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes.jpg 527w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes-154x300.jpg 154w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c03-Apostel-Johannes-103x200.jpg 103w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Saint Paul's - Apostle John<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b076033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b076033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Saint Paul&#039;s - Apostle Philip\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE3NzksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b3BhLmJlXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9TUC1TeWxsYWJ1cy03MGMwNC1BcG9zdGVsLVBoaWxpcHB1cy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"483\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31779\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus.jpg 483w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus-142x300.jpg 142w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/SP-Syllabus-70c04-Apostel-Philippus-94x200.jpg 94w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Saint Paul's - Apostle Philip<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saint Paul\u2019s, the Antwerp Dominican church, a revelation The architecture: gothic and symbolism In the duchy of Brabant, to which Antwerp belonged, the international Gothic style, developed into a specific regional variant, especially in church building. The characteristics of this\u00a0Brabant Gothic style, applied to Saint Paul\u2019s, are: a\u00a0very austere exterior architecture. Convent churches are boxed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":38047,"menu_order":70,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53479","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53479"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60968,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53479\/revisions\/60968"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}