{"id":53283,"date":"2021-08-20T11:38:52","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T09:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/topa.be\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/spk-historic-context\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T14:29:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T12:29:14","slug":"historische-context","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","title":{"rendered":"SPK Historic context"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53283\" class=\"elementor elementor-53283 elementor-33925\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd77008 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd77008\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a40a26\" data-id=\"1a40a26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15436d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15436d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Saint Paul\u2019s, the Antwerp Dominican church, a revelation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b83010a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b83010a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3266990\" data-id=\"3266990\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38e37f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38e37f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How history can be read from one monument...<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71f182f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71f182f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29a3fac\" data-id=\"29a3fac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5f8bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c5f8bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>GENERAL HISTORY<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>SAINT PAULS\u2019S CHURCH HISTORY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Jesus\u2019 birth in Bethlehem<\/td>\n<td>4 BC<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saul\u2019s birth (\u2018Paul\u2019)<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jesus crucified in Jerusalem<\/p>\n<p>the apostles spread Jesus\u2019\u2019 message<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saul (Paul) persecutes Christians,<\/p>\n<p>on his way to Damascus he converts to Christianity<\/td>\n<td>ca. 37<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paul dies a martyr in Rome<\/td>\n<td>ca. 65<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>edict of Milan: freedom of worship for Christians<\/td>\n<td>313<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"10\"><strong>M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>G<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>missionaries in the Low Countries<\/td>\n<td>7<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>raids by the Vikings<\/td>\n<td>837<\/td>\n<td>church in the borough devoted to Saints Amand and \u00a0Eloy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dominicus de Guzm\u00e1n<\/td>\n<td>1171-1221<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1183<\/td>\n<td>church in the borough devoted to Saint Walburga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>foundation of the Dominican Order<\/td>\n<td>1216<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1243<\/td>\n<td>Dominicans settle in the Prekersstraat (Preacher\u2019s street)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1256<\/td>\n<td>Dominicans move to Hugo Nose\u2019s plot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1262-1276<\/td>\n<td>construction of first convent church in gothic style<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1276<\/td>\n<td>church consecrated by Albertus Magnus o.p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1444<\/td>\n<td>construction of a covered market mainly for jewellers and silver smiths<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"41\"><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Y<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Christophus Columbus in America<\/td>\n<td>1492<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>ca. 1512<\/td>\n<td>start of the present Saint Paul\u2019s church<\/p>\n<p>(Domien de Waghemakere?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Martin Luther proclaims his theses in Wittenberg<\/td>\n<td>1517<\/td>\n<td>churchyard gate at Veemarkt \u2013 Zwartzustersstraat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Council of Trent<\/td>\n<td>1545-1563<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1549<\/td>\n<td>nave of the first convent church pulled down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1550<\/td>\n<td>covered market pulled down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>founding of the Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n<td>1559<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1565<\/td>\n<td>founding of the Brotherhood of the Sweet Name of Jesus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iconoclast Fury<\/td>\n<td>1566<\/td>\n<td>interior destroyed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>naval battle at Lepanto: Ottoman Turks defeated<\/td>\n<td>1571<\/td>\n<td>consecration of the church by Godfried van Mierlo o.p.<\/p>\n<p>founding of the Brotherhood of the Rosary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Calvinist Rule in Antwerp<\/td>\n<td>1577-1585<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1579<\/td>\n<td>convent partly requisitioned, Dominicans expulsed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Catholic worship \u2018suspended\u2019<\/td>\n<td>1581<\/td>\n<td>church requisitioned by Calvinists: \u2018purification\u2019 of the interior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1583<\/td>\n<td>convent is parcelled out: laying of two streets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Farnese reconquers Antwerp for Spain\u2019s lawful authorities<\/td>\n<td>1585<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>Dominicans return, church is consecrated again for Catholic worship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1605<\/p>\n<p>1616-1662<\/td>\n<td>reconstruction of the cloisters<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>ca. 1609<\/td>\n<td><em>The ecclesiastical dispute of the Holy Sacrament<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Nativity<\/em> (Peter Paul Rubens)C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1615-1620<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cycle of Paintings The Mysteries of the Rosary<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1616<\/td>\n<td><em>Vision of Saint Dominic<\/em>\u00a0(Peter Paul Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>ca. 1618-1634<\/td>\n<td>(further) construction of transepts and choir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>ca. 1632-1638<\/td>\n<td>choir stalls (Jean de Jupploye?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1650<\/td>\n<td>altar of the Rosary (Sebastiaan de Neve)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1654-1655<\/td>\n<td>choir screen, altar of the Holy Cross, altar of Saint Dominic (Pieter I Verbruggen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1654-1658<\/td>\n<td>organ (Nicolaes Van Haegen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1655-1657<\/td>\n<td>communion rails (Sebastiaan de Neve)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1656<\/td>\n<td>altar of the Holy Sacrament (Pieter I Verbruggen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1657-1659<\/td>\n<td>confessionals and wainscoting (Pieter I Verbruggen?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1662<\/td>\n<td>western corridor of the cloisters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1670<\/td>\n<td>bishop Capello consecrates the high altar (Pieter I and II Verbruggen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1665,<\/p>\n<p>1671-1672<\/td>\n<td>paintings series\u00a0<em>Naval battle of Lepanto<\/em>\u00a0(Jan Peeters)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1679<\/td>\n<td>lightning destroys roofs, crossing tower, fa\u00e7ade, vaultings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1680-1682<\/td>\n<td>construction of Baroque tower (Nicolaes Millich)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1684<\/td>\n<td>confessional (Willem I Kerricx)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1688<\/td>\n<td>pillar throne for Our Lady\u2019s statue (Willem I Kerricx)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1697-1707<\/td>\n<td>Calvary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>until 1741<\/td>\n<td>Calvary garden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1700-1720<\/td>\n<td>apostle statues (Michiel I van der Voort)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1720-1722<\/td>\n<td>choir organ (Jean-Baptist Forceville)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1783<\/td>\n<td>Joseph II of Austria requisitions\u00a0<em>Our Lady of the Rosary<\/em>\u00a0by Caravaggio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Joseph II of Austria: prohibition to bury inside churches<\/td>\n<td>1784<\/td>\n<td>Stuivenberg graveyard for the Saint Walburga parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Joseph II of Austria: abolition of brotherhoods<\/td>\n<td>1786<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"32\"><strong>L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>French Revolution<\/td>\n<td>1789<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Southern Low Countries occupied and<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1794<\/td>\n<td>1794 church silver is sold for war taxes and Rubens\u2019, Van Dyck\u2019s and Jordaens\u2019 works are requisitioned for the Louvre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>annexed by France<\/p>\n<p>anti-Catholic legislation<\/td>\n<td>1795<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>sept. 1796<\/td>\n<td>convent abolished, church closed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>churches nationalized by the French<\/td>\n<td>1797<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(3-5) 1797<\/td>\n<td>convent and church bought by ex-prior Cornelius Peltiers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>concordat Pius VII \u2013 Napoleon Bonaparte<\/td>\n<td>1801<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antwerp diocese abolished<\/td>\n<td>1802<\/td>\n<td>City takes over the church as a parish church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>22\/04\/1803<\/td>\n<td>father Alexander Stordeur o.p. appointed as first parish priest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>22\/08\/1804<\/td>\n<td>City buys the church as a parish church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Early 19th cent.<\/td>\n<td>baptistery in the Calvary garden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dutch Rule<\/td>\n<td>1814-1830<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Napoleon defeated at the battle of Waterloo<\/td>\n<td>18\/06\/1815<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stolen paintings return from Paris<\/td>\n<td>1815-1816<\/td>\n<td>most paintings return from Paris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1816-1817<\/td>\n<td>ramshackle Saint Walburga Church is pulled down.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1817<\/td>\n<td>Prior Peltiers offers the convent to the committee of church wardens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indepence of Belgium<\/td>\n<td>1830<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bombarding of Antwerp by the Durch<\/td>\n<td>27\/10\/1830<\/td>\n<td>stained glass windows destroyed by bombardment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1833<\/td>\n<td>choir screen pulled down;<\/p>\n<p>Holy Cross altar moved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1834<\/td>\n<td>communion rails re-arranged;<\/p>\n<p>wainscoting Sweet Name of Jesus;<\/p>\n<p>confessional Willem I Kerricx removed to the southern transept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>ca. 1850<\/td>\n<td>closed corridor of the cloisters arranged as wedding chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1854<\/td>\n<td>allotment of convent garden: Sint-Paulusstraat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1859-1862<\/td>\n<td>gate Sint-Paulusstraat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1865<\/td>\n<td>\u2018lion gates\u2019 (Jean-Baptiste van Rooy, Gerard Van der Linden)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1874<\/td>\n<td>pulpit (Jean-Baptist de Boeck and Jean Baptist van Wint)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1888-1889<\/td>\n<td>Stations of the Cross in the cloisters (Jean-Baptist de Boeck and Jean Baptist van Wint)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1895-1901<\/td>\n<td>restoration of roof and fa\u00e7ade: gable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>First World War<\/td>\n<td>1914-1918<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1916<\/td>\n<td>parish priest Van Bostraeten imprisoned<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>listed as a monument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Second World Ware<\/td>\n<td>1940-1945<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1943<\/td>\n<td>two bells stolen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"9\"><strong>P<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1955<\/td>\n<td>orchestra masses start again<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antwerp diocese founded anew<\/td>\n<td>1961<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1968 2\/3 april<\/td>\n<td>fire destroys convent, tower and church roofs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1977-1982<\/td>\n<td>restoration of the tower (Louis Williame)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1987-1988<\/td>\n<td>restoration of the roof(Louis Williame)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1991-1993<\/td>\n<td>restoration of the exterior (Louis Williame)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1994-1998<\/td>\n<td>restoration of the interior (Rutger Steenmeijer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td>cloisters and presbytery are sold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>treasury is opened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e25f95a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e25f95a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7f3203\" data-id=\"c7f3203\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a2216 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c0a2216\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Introduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7cc312\" data-id=\"b7cc312\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180bd09 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"180bd09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/bouwgeschiedenis\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">A century long building history<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f0f2c6\" data-id=\"6f0f2c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e387f34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e387f34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30123\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Paulus-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e00f96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"0e00f96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"menu-beschrijving-spk-engels-container\" aria-label=\"Menu\"><ul id=\"menu-beschrijving-spk-engels\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-61132\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/\">Saint Paul\u2019s Church<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-61133\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/\">History and description<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61134\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61135\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61135\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\">Historic context<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61136\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61136\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/bouwgeschiedenis\/\">The building history<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61137\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sint-dominicus\/\">Saint Dominic<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61138\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sint-paulus\/\">Saint Paul<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61139\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/toren\/\">The tower<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61140\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61140\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/architectuur\/\">The architecture<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61141\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61141\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/grondplan\/\">Floor plan and legend<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61142\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61142\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/\">The sanctuary<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61143\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/hoofdaltaar\/\">A proper high altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61144\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61144\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/koorgestoelte\/\">The choir stalls<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61145\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/stoffering\/\">Decoration of the choir<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61146\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/\">Chapel of the Holy Sacrament<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61147\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsaltaar\/\">The Holy Sacrament altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61148\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsaltaaromlijsting\/\">The Holy Sacrament altar framing<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61149\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/sacramentsdevotie\/\">The devotion to the Holy Sacrament<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61150\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/communiebanken\/\">The Communion Rails<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61151\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/sacramentskapel\/heilig-kruisaltaar\/\">The altar of the Holy Cross<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61152\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61152\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/\">Our Lady\u2019s chapel<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61153\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61153\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/maria-altaar\/\">Our Lady\u2019s altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61154\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61154\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/olv-rozenkrans\/\">Our Lady of the Rosary<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61155\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/mariadevotiebeeld\/\">The devotional statue of Mary<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/mariadevotie\/\">Devotion to Our Lady<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/\">The mysteries of the Rosary<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61158\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61158\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/blijde-mysteries\/\">The joyful mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61159\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/droeve-mysteries\/\">The Sorrowfull Mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61160\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61160\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/rozenkransmysteries\/glorievolle-mysteries\/\">The Glorious Mysteries<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61161\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61161\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/\">Sermon, confession, music<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61162\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61162\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/preekstoel\/\">The Pulpit<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61163\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/biechtstoelen\/\">The Confessionals<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61164\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/predicatie-biecht-muziek\/orgel\/\">The Organ<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61165\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/wandschilderijen\/\">The mural paintings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61166\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/schatkamer\/\">The treasury<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61167\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/\">The Calvary garden<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61168\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/lijdensverhaal\/\">The Passion<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61169\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/profeten\/\">The prophets are speaking<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61170\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/overige-figuren\/\">Other figures<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-61171\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61171\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/calvarietuin\/beeldhouwwerk\/\">Sculpture by sculptor<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61172\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61172\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/veemarkt\/\">Veemarkt gate<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61173\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61173\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/pastoraal\/\">Dominican pastoral activities<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61174\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61174\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/klooster\/\">Dominican convent<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61175\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61175\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/pandgang\/\">The paintings in the cloisters<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61176\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61176\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/heilig-kruiskapel\/\">Holy Cross Chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61177\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61177\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/weekkapel\/\">SPK The weekly chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-61178\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61178\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-pauluskerk\/beschrijving\/bibliografie\/\">Bibilography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saint Paul\u2019s, the Antwerp Dominican church, a revelation How history can be read from one monument&#8230; GENERAL HISTORY SAINT PAULS\u2019S CHURCH HISTORY R O M A N S Jesus\u2019 birth in Bethlehem 4 BC Saul\u2019s birth (\u2018Paul\u2019) 8 Jesus crucified in Jerusalem the apostles spread Jesus\u2019\u2019 message 33 Saul (Paul) persecutes Christians, on his way [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":38047,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53283","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 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