{"id":48696,"date":"2021-07-31T23:52:35","date_gmt":"2021-07-31T21:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/topa.be\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/scb-the-historic-context\/"},"modified":"2021-08-17T13:52:16","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T11:52:16","slug":"historische-context","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","title":{"rendered":"SCB The historic context"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"48696\" class=\"elementor elementor-48696 elementor-33738\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-810245d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"810245d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec854b1\" data-id=\"ec854b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-954af3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"954af3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Antwerp jesuit church, a revelation.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c5fb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0c5fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How a monument follows history...\t  <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11d2348 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11d2348\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-522d150\" data-id=\"522d150\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37d2deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37d2deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table width=\"442\"><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>GENERAL HISTORY<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DATE<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HISTORY of the SAINT CHARLES BORROMEO CHURCH<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"background-color: #ff00ff; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"2\"><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td>Jesus of Nazareth<\/td><td>01-33<\/td><td rowspan=\"9\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freedom of religion for Christians<\/td><td>313<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"background-color: #00ff00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"5\"><p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>I<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>L<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>G<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>S<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td>Missionary work in the Low Countries<\/td><td>7<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0cent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2nd enlargement of the city with Saint Caitlin gate, rampart, moat<\/td><td>ca. 1200<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3rd enlargement of the city: Saint Caitlin rampart razed<\/td><td>1320<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beginning \u00a0Antwerp \u2018Golden Age\u2019<\/td><td>1488<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Birth of Ignatius of Loyola<\/td><td>1491<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"background-color: #00ffff; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"37\"><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>L<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Y<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td>Christopher Columbus in America<\/td><td>1492<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The theses of Luther<\/td><td>1517<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td><td>1529-1531<\/td><td>Ignatius begging tours in the Low Countries,including Antwerp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1539<\/td><td>Huis van Aken [House of Aachen] rebuilt by Erasmus Schetz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pope Paul III\u2019s approval of the Society of Jesus<\/td><td>1540<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Council of Trent<\/td><td>1545-1563<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Death of Ignatius<\/td><td>1556<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1562<\/td><td>First Jesuit in Antwerp; rented house in Meir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iconoclast Fury in Antwerp<\/td><td>1566<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1574<\/td><td><p>Huis van Aken [House of Aachen] bought<\/p><p>Chapel built; college opened<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Antwerp Calvinistic reign<\/td><td>1577-1585<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>May 1578<\/td><td>Jesuits refuse republican oath and are expelled<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1578-1585<\/td><td>Calvinists use the Jesuit Chapel and the \u2018colonels\u2019 move into the college<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calvinistic \u2018purging\u2019 of the churches<\/td><td>1581<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Antwerp Spanish and Catholic again<\/td><td>1585<\/td><td>Jesuits return and reopen their college<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td><td>1587<\/td><td>Statue of Mary is placed in the front of the town hall through the agency of Mary sodalities led by Fr. Costerus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1607<\/td><td>College is moved to Hof van Liere<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Twelve Years Truce between the Northern and Southern Low Countries<\/td><td>1609-1621<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"16\">\u00a0<\/td><td>1612<\/td><td>Jesuit provincialate in Antwerp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1614-1615<\/td><td>Lay out of the building land<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15\/04\/1615<\/td><td>Laying of the foundation stone of the church<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1616<\/td><td>Foundation of a \u2018professed house\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1615-1621<\/td><td>Building church and tower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1617<\/td><td>Architect Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019Aguilon dies, Pieter Huyssens is appointed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12\/09\/1621<\/td><td>Consecration of the church by Bishop J. Malderus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1622<\/td><td>Feast on occasion of canonization of Ignatius and Xavier<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1622-1623<\/td><td>Construction of the sodality building<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1621-1625<\/td><td>Construction St.-Ignatius\u2019 Chapel and Our Lady\u2019s Chapel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1622-1625<\/td><td>Extension of the \u2018professed house\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1625<\/td><td>Suspension of Huyssens as an architect<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18\/07\/1718<\/td><td>Lightning strike, fire and destruction of the church<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1718-1719<\/td><td>Restoration church building<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>06\/11\/1719<\/td><td>New consecration of the church<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1719-1720<\/td><td>Pulpit, confessionals, wainscoting and organ case (J.P.I van Baurscheit)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suppression of the Jesuit Order<\/td><td>1773<\/td><td>Professed house and church are closed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td><td>1774 a.f.<\/td><td>Sale of works of art.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1779<\/td><td>church:\u00a0 catechesis hall of Our Lady\u2019s Cathedral<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"background-color: #ffff00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"26\"><p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td>French Revolution<\/td><td>1789<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>French annexation of the Southern Low Countries<\/td><td>1794<\/td><td>Church: storage of confiscated church property<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>War tax imposed by the French<\/td><td>1795<\/td><td>Sale of church silver and paintings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nationalisation of the churches<\/td><td>1797<\/td><td>Church: Temple of the Law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1800<\/td><td>Church: Criminal Court of Justice<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Concordat Pius VII &amp; Napoleon Bonaparte,<br \/>Antwerp diocese abolished<\/td><td>1801<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1802<\/td><td>Reopened as parish church in substitution of the damaged Our Lady\u2019s Cathedral<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1803<\/td><td>Independent parish Saint Charles Borromeo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>19th\u00a0century<\/td><td>Baptismal Chapel, brotherhoods come over<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Battle of Waterloo, Belgium and Holland are one country<\/td><td>1815<\/td><td>Church is used as a military hospital<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1817<\/td><td>King William sells the church to the parishioners<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Independence of Belgium<\/td><td>1830<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1834<\/td><td>(in their old church) the Jesuits preach a popular mission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1839<\/td><td>Way of the Cross (Edward Du Jardin and H.E. Janssens)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1840<\/td><td>Altar piece\u00a0<em>Our Lady of the Carmel<\/em>\u00a0(Gustaf Wappers)<br \/>Jesuits buy part of the professED house back<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1849-1865<\/td><td>Restoration of the front (F. Berckmans)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1860<\/td><td>Part of the professed house is donated as a vicarage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1873<\/td><td>Gates before the front<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1922<\/td><td>Electrification of organ and bells (ringing)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1925<\/td><td>Copy of <em>Our Lady\u2019s Assumption<\/em> after P.P. Rubens (Altarpiece Our Lady\u2019s Chapel)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1939<\/td><td>Listed as a monument<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1943<\/td><td><p>Nazis-carry off 2 bells<\/p><p>Foundation of the Artist\u2019s Medal and the Artist\u2019s Mass (M.-E. Belpaire en B. Roose)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1945<\/td><td>Impact of V-bombs in the area: fragments of glass behind the organ<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Antwerp diocese is re-established<\/td><td>1961<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1981-1987<\/td><td>Restoration of the front and nave (J.L. Stynen)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>Fire disaster is prevented<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4ef78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4ef78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-742e649\" data-id=\"742e649\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2935b0 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a2935b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Introduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-57c0cc5\" data-id=\"57c0cc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91c030c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"91c030c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorplein-en-residentie\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">The square and the residence<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de095f3\" data-id=\"de095f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e68e0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e68e0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Carolus-Borromeus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-29763\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Carolus-Borromeus.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Carolus-Borromeus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Carolus-Borromeus-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Carolus-Borromeus-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf6bc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"faf6bc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"menu-beschrijving-scb-engels-container\" aria-label=\"Menu\"><ul id=\"menu-beschrijving-scb-engels\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-59833\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59833\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/\">Saint Charles Borromeo\u2019s Church<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-61179\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-61179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/\">History &#038; Description<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59834\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59834\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59835\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59835\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\">The historic context<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59836\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59836\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorplein-en-residentie\/\">Square and residence<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59837\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59837\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorgeschiedenis\/\">Previous history<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59838\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59838\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/college\/\">The college<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59839\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59839\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/ruimtewerking\/\">Spatial effects<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59840\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59840\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/straatnamen\/\">Names of streets<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59841\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59841\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/professenhuis\/\">Profess house<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59842\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59842\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/sodaliteitsgebouw\/\">Sodality building<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59843\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-59843\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorgevel\/\">Fa\u00e7ade<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-59844\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59844\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorgevel\/heb-je-me-gezien\/\">Have you seen me?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-59845\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59845\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorgevel\/algemeen-nut\/\">A message for public advancement<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-59846\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59846\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/voorgevel\/geschiedenisboek\/\">History book<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59847\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59847\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/toren\/\">Tower<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59848\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59848\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/interieur\/\">Interior<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59849\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59849\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/hoofdaltaar\/\">High altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59850\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59850\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/preekstoel\/\">Pulpit<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59851\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59851\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/biechtstoelen\/\">Confessionals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59852\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59852\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/plafondcycli\/\">Ceiling paintings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59853\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59853\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/\">Our Lady\u2019s chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59854\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59854\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/sint-ignatiuskapel\/\">Saint Ignatius chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59855\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59855\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/sint-franciscus-xaveriuskapel\/\">Chapel of Saint Francis Xavier<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59885\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59885\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/galerijen\/\">Galleries<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59886\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59886\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/orgel\/\">Organ<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59887\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59887\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/sacristie\/\">Sacristy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59888\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59888\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/buitengaan\/\">When leaving<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59889\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59889\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/nawoord\/\">Epilogue<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59890\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59890\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/sint-carolus-borromeus\/beschrijving\/bibliografie\/\">Bibliography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Antwerp jesuit church, a revelation. How a monument follows history&#8230; \u00a0 GENERAL HISTORY DATE HISTORY of the SAINT CHARLES BORROMEO CHURCH R O M E Jesus of Nazareth 01-33 \u00a0 Freedom of religion for Christians 313 M I D D L E \u00a0 A G E S Missionary work in the Low Countries 7th\u00a0cent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":38029,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48696","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48696"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53029,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48696\/revisions\/53029"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}