{"id":48651,"date":"2021-07-31T16:26:27","date_gmt":"2021-07-31T14:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/topa.be\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/sak-the-historical-context\/"},"modified":"2026-06-27T11:57:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T09:57:45","slug":"historische-context","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","title":{"rendered":"SAK The historical context"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"48651\" class=\"elementor elementor-48651 elementor-33521\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8734b0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8734b0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d6f535\" data-id=\"8d6f535\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81c4fb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81c4fb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Antwerp's St Andrew's Church, a revelation.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-06da7c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06da7c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdbf4a8\" data-id=\"cdbf4a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d322f03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d322f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A monument throughout history...\t  <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1b9337 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1b9337\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c34cb36\" data-id=\"c34cb36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-994091e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"994091e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><strong>GENERAL HISTORY<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>DATE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ST ANDREW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ff00ff; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"5\">R<\/p>\n<p>O<\/p>\n<p>M<\/p>\n<p>E<\/td>\n<td>birth of Jesus in Bethlehem<\/td>\n<td>4 BCE<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jesus crucified in Jerusalem<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>the apostles spread Jesus\u2019 message<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>martyrdom of Andrew in Patras<\/td>\n<td>66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Edict of Milan: religious freedom for Christians<\/td>\n<td>313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #00ff00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"5\">M<\/p>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<p>L<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>G<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>S<\/td>\n<td>Christianisation of the Low Countries<\/td>\n<td>7<sup>th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n<td>first Antwerp parish church, dedicated to St Peter and Paul<br \/>\n(in the vicinity of today\u2019s Sint-Michielskaai (<em>Quay of St Michael<\/em>))<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Norman invasion<\/td>\n<td>837<\/td>\n<td>church restored and dedicated to St Michael<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1124<\/td>\n<td>Chapel of Our Lady becomes (only) parish church<br \/>\nChurch of St Michael becomes abbey church of the Norbertines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1470<\/td>\n<td>Mint building established on Oever-Muntstraat (<em>Mint Street<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>privileges for foreign merchants: start of Antwerp\u2019s Golden Age<\/td>\n<td>1488<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #00ffff; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"53\">M<\/p>\n<p>O<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>R<\/p>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>R<\/p>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<p>O<\/p>\n<p>D<\/td>\n<td>Christopher Columbus in America<\/td>\n<td>1492<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>ca.1512<\/td>\n<td>Augustinian settlement on Boeksteeg-Augustijnenstraat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1514<\/td>\n<td>start of construction monastery church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Martin Luther publishes his theses in Wittenberg<\/td>\n<td>1517<\/td>\n<td>Antwerp Augustinians study in Wittenberg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><\/td>\n<td>11\/10\/1522<\/td>\n<td>expulsion of Augustinians; closure of church and monastery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>01\/07\/1523<\/td>\n<td>two Augustinians are burnt at the stake in Brussels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1523<\/td>\n<td>Pope Adrian VI approves establishment of parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>29\/05\/1529<\/td>\n<td>establishment of St Andrew parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>06\/06\/1529<\/td>\n<td>inauguration of church, churchyard and main altar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1530<\/td>\n<td>consecration of eight side altars<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Council of Trent<\/td>\n<td>1545-1563<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1555<\/td>\n<td>construction of transepts (and aisles?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1557<\/td>\n<td>Philip II attends mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>establishment of Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n<td>1559<\/td>\n<td>completion of tower; bells, carillon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1559<\/td>\n<td>pulpit (by Filip Terrewin) donated by the Fugger family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iconoclastic Fury<\/td>\n<td>1566<\/td>\n<td>destruction of church interior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1567<\/td>\n<td>reconsecration of church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antwerp under Calvinist Rule<\/td>\n<td>1577-1585<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1578<\/td>\n<td>division of church space through use of partition:<br \/>\n\u2018purified nave\u2019 for Calvinists,<br \/>\ntransept space for Catholics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Catholic services \u2018suspended\u2019<\/td>\n<td>1581<\/td>\n<td>expulsion of Catholics; demolition of transept and choir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Farnese reconquers Antwerp for Spain<\/td>\n<td>11\/09\/1585<\/td>\n<td>church reconsecrated for Catholic worship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decapitation of Mary Stuart<\/td>\n<td>1587<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"26\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1593<\/td>\n<td>Philip II donates for the new main altar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1599<\/td>\n<td><em>Martyrdom of St Andrew<\/em> (by Otto van Veen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1601<\/td>\n<td>triptych for the minters\u2019 altar (by Maerten de Vos)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1603<\/td>\n<td><em>Calvary<\/em> Holy Cross altar (by Frans Francken the Elder)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1611, 1614<\/td>\n<td>baptism of Rubens\u2019 first children: Clara and Albert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1620<\/td>\n<td>epitaph of Mary Stuart\u2019s ladies-in-waiting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>After 1658<\/td>\n<td>epitaph statue for Peter Saboth (\u2020 1658) (by Artus Quellinus the Elder)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1659-1661<\/td>\n<td>vaulting of the nave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1661-1663<\/td>\n<td>construction of the transept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1663-1664<\/td>\n<td>construction of the choir; relocation of the main altar to the choir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1664-1665<\/td>\n<td>Holy Cross altar (by Cornelis van Mildert)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1666-1683<\/td>\n<td>construction of the Venerable Chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1667<\/td>\n<td><em>Holy Guardian Angel<\/em> (by Erasmus Quellinus II)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1671-1672<\/td>\n<td>sanctuary of the Holy Cross altar (by Jan and Jan-Anthoni Van den Cruyce)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1673-1674<\/td>\n<td>altar of St Anne (by Jan Van den Cruyce)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1678-1683<\/td>\n<td>construction of the Mary Chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1679 ff<\/td>\n<td>Venerable Altar (by Lodewijk Willemsens ?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1685-1686<\/td>\n<td>vaulting of the transept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1687<\/td>\n<td><em>Last Supper <\/em>Venerable Altar (by P. IJskens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1689<\/td>\n<td>*Fraternity of Our Lady of Sustention and Victory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ca. 1691<\/td>\n<td>design sketches for the main altar (by Hendrik Frans Verbruggen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1720<\/td>\n<td>sanctuary of altar of St Anne (by Michiel Van der Voort I)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30\/05\/1755<\/td>\n<td>Tower collapsed onto the south aisle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1756-1763<\/td>\n<td>construction of baroque tower (by Engelbert Baets)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1761<\/td>\n<td>construction of sacristy (current sacristy annexes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1765-1769<\/td>\n<td>expansion of choir and presbytery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>marriage of the princess of Salm-Salm<\/td>\n<td>1769<\/td>\n<td>blue cloak of statue of Our Lady of Sustention and Victory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1773-1776<\/td>\n<td>wainscoting and confessionals in the south aisle (by Willem Roefs and Michel Ignatius D\u2019Heur)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1782-1785<\/td>\n<td>wainscoting and confessionals in the north aisle (by Willem Roefs)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Joseph II of Austria: prohibition of burials in churches and cities<\/td>\n<td>1784<\/td>\n<td>burial grounds of St Andrew parish moved to Kiel;<\/p>\n<p>henceforth only memorials inside the church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>abolition of the Brabant minters\u2019 guild<\/td>\n<td>16\/11\/1786<\/td>\n<td>abolition of minters\u2019 altar of St Eligius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffff7e; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"49\">L<\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>T<\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M<\/p>\n<p>O<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>R<\/p>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P<\/p>\n<p>E<\/p>\n<p>R<\/p>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<p>O<\/p>\n<p>D<\/td>\n<td>French Revolution<\/td>\n<td>1789<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Southern Netherlands occupied by France<\/td>\n<td>1794<\/td>\n<td>sale of church silver for war taxes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Southern Netherlands annexed by France<\/td>\n<td>1795<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>anti-Catholic law in effect<\/td>\n<td>28\/09\/1797<\/td>\n<td>nationalisation and closure of churches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1798<\/td>\n<td>statue of St Peter (by Artus Quellinus the Elder) and minters\u2019 triptych (by Maerten De Vos) confiscated for the \u00c9cole Centrale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>05\/08\/1798<\/td>\n<td>church reopening through the efforts of Jan-Michiel Timmermans (priest swearing allegiance to the state)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1799<\/td>\n<td>confinement and escape of priest Alexander Van der Stallen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Concordat Pius VII \u2013 Napoleon Bonaparte<\/td>\n<td>1801<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>abolition of Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n<td>06\/08\/1802<\/td>\n<td>church officially reopened and available for services<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1802<\/td>\n<td>donation of the relics of 36 Saints (from the Abbey of Pieter Pot)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>02\/05\/1803<\/td>\n<td>priest Alexander Van der Stallen is reinstated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1803<\/td>\n<td>St Peter\u2019s statue returned to the church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1805-1809<\/td>\n<td>placement of main altar from the Abbey of St Bernard (Hemiksem)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>03\/12\/1812<\/td>\n<td>baptism of Hendrik Conscience <em>[Flemish author]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dutch Rule<\/td>\n<td>1814<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1821-1825<\/td>\n<td>baroque pulpit (by Jan Frans Van Geel and Jan-Baptist Van Hool)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1828-1829<\/td>\n<td>classicist-baroque rood screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Belgian independence<\/td>\n<td>1830<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>shelling of St Andrew\u2019s quarter<\/td>\n<td>07\/10\/1830<\/td>\n<td>tower hit during bombardment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dutch occupation of the Zuidkasteel<\/td>\n<td>1830-1832<\/td>\n<td>tower used as Belgian observation post, a.o. by King Leopold I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"9\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1838<\/td>\n<td>silver apron of Mary statue (by Jan Verschuylen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1845<\/td>\n<td>relic shrine of 36 Saints (by Jan Verschuylen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1845-1857<\/td>\n<td><em>Calvary<\/em> (by 12 painters)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1851-1852<\/td>\n<td>construction of presbytery (by Pieter Paul Stoop)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1855<\/td>\n<td>first neo-gothic stained glass window (by Jan-Frans Pluys)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1863<\/td>\n<td>pageantry cloak of Mary statue (by studio Remigius Orban)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1863<\/td>\n<td>upper nave windows, with balcony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1866<\/td>\n<td>sacristy (J. Van Hall)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1863-1892<\/td>\n<td>neo-gothic stained glass windows (by Capronnier, Dobbelaere, de B\u00e9thune, Stalins-Janssens, and De Craene)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>explosion of the Corvilain powder mill<\/td>\n<td>26\/09\/1889<\/td>\n<td>shattering of the stained glass windows of the north aisle and of the Mary Chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1870-1874<\/td>\n<td>construction of Sunday school in Augustijnenstraat (by L. Baeckelmans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>First World War<\/td>\n<td>1914-1918<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1920<\/td>\n<td>south transept stained glass window <em>St Andrew <\/em>(G. Barry)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1922<\/td>\n<td>monument for the fallen of WW I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>400 year jubilee: electric organ, tower concert,<br \/>\nrelic shrine <em>Boat of Amalfi<\/em> (by Jos Junes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1938<\/td>\n<td>church becomes protected monument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Second World War<\/td>\n<td>1940-1945<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V-bombs after liberation: explosions on Vrijdagmarkt<\/td>\n<td>02\/01\/1945<\/td>\n<td>shattering of the stained glass windows of the north side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>reestablishment of Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n<td>1961<\/td>\n<td>demolition of the wooden tower lantern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"10\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>1963-1966<\/td>\n<td>stained glass windows of north side, south aisle, presbytery (by Jan Huet)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1968-1973<\/td>\n<td>restoration of tower and reconstruction of tower lantern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1970-1975<\/td>\n<td>restoration of interior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1983<\/td>\n<td>collapse of sacristy of Mary Chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>Mary\u2019s robe (by Ann Demeulemeester)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>reconstruction of minters\u2019 altar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2002<br \/>\n2007<\/td>\n<td>construction (by Jan Frateur)<br \/>\nand opening treasury<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2003<br \/>\n2004<\/td>\n<td>relocation of <em>Calvary<\/em>,<br \/>\nrestoration of <em>Purgatory<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2003-2006<\/td>\n<td>rebuilding of basement and winter chapel as meeting-spaces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2012<\/td>\n<td><em>What Is Truth?<\/em> (by Alain Senez)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca308f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca308f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6adbe6\" data-id=\"b6adbe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-503d46b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"503d46b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Introduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbf44d8\" data-id=\"bbf44d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1c4797 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e1c4797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/bouwgeschiedenis\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">A building history of five centuries<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd2afd3\" data-id=\"fd2afd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbb39fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dbb39fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Andries.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-29631\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Andries.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Andries-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Andries-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sint-Andries-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8076e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"d8076e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"menu-beschrijving-sak-engels-container\" aria-label=\"Menu\"><ul id=\"menu-beschrijving-sak-engels\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-59801\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59801\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/\">Saint Andrew\u2019s Church<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-59802\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-59802\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/\">History and description<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59803\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/inleiding\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59804\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59804\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\">The historical context<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59805\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/bouwgeschiedenis\/\">Building history<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59806\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59806\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/patroonheilige\/\">The patron saint<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59807\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59807\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/bijgebouwen\/\">The outbuildings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59808\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59808\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/toren\/\">The tower<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59809\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59809\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/ruimtewerking\/\">Spatial effect<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59810\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59810\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/andreas-identiteit\/\">Saint Andrew\u2019s  identity card<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59811\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59811\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/andreas-kunst\/\">Saint Andrew in Art<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59812\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59812\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/andreas-kerk\/\">Saint Andrew in \u2018his\u2019 church<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59813\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59813\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/oude-hoofdaltaar\/\">The ancient high altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59814\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59814\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/huidig-hoofdaltaar\/\">The current high altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59815\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59815\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/hoogkoor\/\">Choir and chancel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59816\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59816\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/koorgestoelte\/\">The choir stalls<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59817\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59817\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/vieringaltaar\/\">The celebration altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59818\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59818\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/venerabelkapel\/\">The Venerable Chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59819\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59819\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/mariakapel\/\">The Mary Chapel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59820\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59820\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/muntersaltaar\/\">The Minters\u2019 Altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59821\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59821\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/waarheid\/\">What is Truth?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59822\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59822\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/heilig-kruisaltaar\/\">Holy Cross Altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59823\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59823\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/sint-anna-altaar\/\">Saint Anne\u2019s Altar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59824\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59824\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/preekstoel\/\">The pulpit<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59825\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59825\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/biechtstoelen\/\">The confessionals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59826\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59826\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/orgel\/\">The organ<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59827\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59827\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/glasramen-zuidbeuk\/\">Stained glass \u2013 southern aisle<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59828\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59828\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/glasramen-noordbeuk\/\">Stained glass \u2013 northern aisle<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59829\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59829\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/kruisweg\/\">The Way of the Cross<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59830\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59830\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/funeraria\/\">Funeraria<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59831\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59831\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/schatkamer\/\">The treasury<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-59832\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-59832\"><a href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/bibliografie\/\">Bibliography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antwerp&#8217;s St Andrew&#8217;s Church, a revelation. A monument throughout history&#8230; &nbsp; GENERAL HISTORY DATE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ST ANDREW R O M E birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 4 BCE &nbsp; Jesus crucified in Jerusalem 33 the apostles spread Jesus\u2019 message &nbsp; martyrdom of Andrew in Patras 66 Edict of Milan: religious freedom [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":38021,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48651","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.9\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TOPA | Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAK The historical context\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-31T14:26:27+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-27T09:57:45+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"SAK The historical context\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Saint Andrew\\u2019s Church\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Saint Andrew\\u2019s Church\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"SAK History and description\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SAK History and description\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"SAK The historical context\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Saint Andrew\\u2019s Church\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"SAK The historical context\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"SAK History and description\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TOPA vzw - Antwerpen\",\"description\":\"Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/\",\"email\":\"info@topa.be\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/cropped-logo_splash.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#organizationLogo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/\",\"name\":\"SAK The historical context\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/st-andries\\\/beschrijving\\\/historische-context\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-31T16:26:27+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-27T11:57:45+02:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"TOPA\",\"description\":\"Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/topa.be\\\/en\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"SAK The historical context","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/#listItem","name":"Saint Andrew\u2019s Church"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Saint Andrew\u2019s Church","item":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/#listItem","name":"SAK History and description"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"SAK History and description","item":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#listItem","name":"SAK The historical context"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/#listItem","name":"Saint Andrew\u2019s Church"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#listItem","position":4,"name":"SAK The historical context","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/#listItem","name":"SAK History and description"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#organization","name":"TOPA vzw - Antwerpen","description":"Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)","url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/","email":"info@topa.be","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/cropped-logo_splash.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#organizationLogo","width":200,"height":200},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#organizationLogo"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","name":"SAK The historical context","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2021-07-31T16:26:27+02:00","dateModified":"2026-06-27T11:57:45+02:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/","name":"TOPA","description":"Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"TOPA | Antwerpen, Kerken en ToerismeToerismepastoraal, Bisdom Antwerpen (TOPA vzw)","og:type":"article","og:title":"SAK The historical context","og:url":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/st-andries\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","article:published_time":"2021-07-31T14:26:27+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-06-27T09:57:45+00:00","twitter:card":"summary","twitter:title":"SAK The historical context"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"48651","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":[],"keyphrases":{"focus":[],"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":[],"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":{"id":"aioseo-web-page-63929b5b1612e","slug":"web-page","graphName":"WebPage","label":"Webpagina","properties":{"type":"WebPage","name":"","description":""}}},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":"{\"article\":{\"articleType\":\"BlogPosting\"},\"course\":{\"name\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"provider\":\"\"},\"faq\":{\"pages\":[]},\"product\":{\"reviews\":[]},\"recipe\":{\"ingredients\":[],\"instructions\":[],\"keywords\":[]},\"software\":{\"reviews\":[],\"operatingSystems\":[]},\"webPage\":{\"webPageType\":\"WebPage\"}}","pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":{"locations":{"business":{"name":"","businessType":"","image":"","areaServed":"","urls":{"website":"","aboutPage":"","contactPage":""},"address":{"streetLine1":"","streetLine2":"","zipCode":"","city":"","state":"","country":"","addressFormat":"#streetLineOne\n#streetLineTwo\n#city, #state #zipCode"},"contact":{"phone":"","email":"","fax":""},"ids":{"vat":"","tax":"","chamberOfCommerce":""},"payment":{"priceRange":"","currenciesAccepted":"","methods":""}}},"openingHours":{"useDefaults":true,"show":true,"alwaysOpen":false,"use24hFormat":false,"timezone":"","labels":{"closed":"","alwaysOpen":""},"days":{"monday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"tuesday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"wednesday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"thursday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"friday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"saturday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"},"sunday":{"open24h":false,"closed":false,"openTime":"09:00","closeTime":"17:00"}}}},"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2021-07-31 14:26:29","updated":"2026-06-27 10:02:14","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48651"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80886,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48651\/revisions\/80886"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}