{"id":38051,"date":"2021-05-27T18:04:48","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T16:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/topa.be\/olv-kathedraal\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/"},"modified":"2021-07-19T12:38:51","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T10:38:51","slug":"historische-context","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topa.be\/en\/olv-kathedraal\/beschrijving\/historische-context\/","title":{"rendered":"OLV Historical context"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The Our Lady\u2019s Cathedral of Antwerp, a revelation.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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How a monument follows history<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nGENERAL HISTORY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nHISTORY OUR LADY\u2019S CATHEDRAL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Jesus is born in Bethlehem<\/td>\n4 BC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jesus is crucified in Jerusalem
\nApostles spread Jesus\u2019 message<\/td>\n		33<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Edict of Milan: freedom of worship for Christians<\/td>\n313<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Eloy, Amand and Willibrord act as missionaries in Antwerp<\/td>\n7th<\/sup>\u00a0century<\/td>\nFirst small church devoted to Saints Peter and Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viking raids<\/td>\n837<\/td>\nRepaired church devoted to Saint Michael<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Godfrey of Bouillon\u2019s crusade<\/td>\n1095-1099<\/td>\n(later) legend of the Holy Prepuce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1e<\/sup>\u00a0half
\n11th<\/sup>\u00a0century<\/td>\n		(pre-Romanesque) Our Lady\u2019s Chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1124<\/td>\nFoundation of Saint Michael\u2019s Abbey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nCa. 1130<\/td>\nOur Lady\u2019s Chapel becomes a collegiate parish church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1275<\/td>\nConstruction of Romanesque Our Lady\u2019s church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1289<\/td>\nA Gothic chapel is added<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1352-1413<\/td>\nConstruction of the Gothic church choir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1398<\/td>\nAnnual big procession on the Sunday after 15th<\/sup>\u00a0August<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nCa. 1420<\/td>\nFoundations of the Northern tower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1422<\/td>\nConstruction of the Northern tower; building site levelled up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nCa. 1430<\/td>\nFoundations of the Southern tower; building site levelled up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1455-1482<\/td>\nExtension with a 5th<\/sup>\u00a0and 6th<\/sup>\u00a0aisle.: Chapels of Our Lady and the parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1460<\/td>\nConstruction of Our Lady\u2019s cloisters for art trade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1469<\/td>\nConsecration of the parish chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1478<\/td>\nFounding of the Guild of Praise to Our Lady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1482-1487<\/td>\nRomanesque Northern tower pulled down
\nConstruction of the chapter\u2019s sacristy, library and chaplains\u2019 sacristy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maximilian of Austria gives privileges to Antwerp<\/td>\n1488<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Christopher Columbus in America<\/td>\n1492<\/td>\nNave and Southern transept accomplished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trade treaties with England<\/td>\n1496, 1502<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1503<\/td>\nBurgundian and English stained glass window in the magistrate\u2019s chapel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Martin Luther makes his theses public in Wittenberg<\/td>\n1517<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1518-(1521)<\/td>\nNorthern tower accomplished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1521<\/td>\nEmperor Charles V lays the foundation Stone of the \u2018New Work\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1533<\/td>\nNave destroyed by fire;
\nrestoration of the nave; the \u2018New Work\u2019 is stopped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1534<\/td>\nCrowning of the crossing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Council of Trent<\/td>\n1545-1563<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1556<\/td>\nChapter of the Order of the Golden Fleece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Founding of the Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n1559<\/td>\nOur Lady\u2019s Church becomes Our Lady\u2019s Cathedral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iconoclast Fury<\/td>\n1566<\/td>\nInterior destroyed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Calvinistic rule in Antwerp<\/td>\n1577-1585<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Catholic service \u2018suspended\u2019<\/td>\n1581<\/td>\nChurch requisitioned for the Calvinists: interior \u2018purified\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Farnese reconquers Antwerp for the Spanish authorities<\/td>\n1585<\/td>\nChurch is consecrated anew for Catholic worship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nAfter 1585<\/td>\nRestoration of the altars; triptychs are commissioned<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Twelve Year\u2019s Truce<\/td>\n1609-1621<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1609-1610<\/td>\nRaising of the Cross<\/em>\u00a0(P.P. Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1611-1612<\/td>\nFuneral Monument Jan Moretus with\u00a0The Resurrection<\/em>\u00a0(P.P. Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1611-1614<\/td>\nDescent from the Cross<\/em>\u00a0(P.P. Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1613-1614<\/td>\nThe nave is vaulted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1625-1626<\/td>\nHigh altar:\u00a0Our Lady\u2019s Assumption<\/em>\u00a0(P.P. Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1647<\/td>\nCrossing:\u00a0Our Lady\u2019s assumption<\/em>\u00a0(Cornelis Schut)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Joseph II of Austria forbids burials in churches and urban centres<\/td>\n1784<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Joseph II of Austria: brotherhoods are abolished<\/td>\n1786<\/td>\nNew graveyards at Stuivenberg and Kiel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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French Revolution<\/td>\n1789<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1791<\/td>\nThe \u2018Green Churchyard\u2019 is cleared<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Southern Netherlands occupied and<\/td>\n1794<\/td>\nChurch silver is sold as war tax and Rubens\u2019s paintings are requisitioned as war tribute and sent to the Louvre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
incorporated by France:
\nanti-Catholic legislation<\/td>\n		1795<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nationalization of churches by the French<\/td>\n1797<\/td>\nChapter abolished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1797-1798<\/td>\nPaintings are deported to \u00c9cole Centrale
\nFurniture sold
\nJan Blom is ordered to make plans to demolish the church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMay 1800<\/td>\nDemolition plans are stopped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
concordat Pius VII and Napoleon:
\nincluding\u00a0abolition of the Antwerp diocese<\/td>\n		1801<\/td>\nRe-opening as parish church;
\nLoses the title \u2018cathedral\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nFrom 1801<\/td>\nold church Furniture is bought<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dutch RuleNederlands Bewind<\/td>\n1814-1830<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Napoleon\u2019s defeat at Waterloo<\/td>\n18\/06\/1815
\n1816<\/td>\n		Confiscated paintings return from Paris:
\na.o.\u00a0Raising of the Cross\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0Descent from the Cross<\/em>\u00a0(P.P. Rubens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1822-1824<\/td>\nNeo-Classicist high altar by Jan Blom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1824-1825<\/td>\n(neo-)Baroque side altars in the chapels of Our Lady and the Holy Sacrament<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Belgium\u2019s independencyonafhankelijkheid van Belgi\u00eb<\/td>\n1830<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2nd<\/sup>\u00a0half
\n19th<\/sup>\u00a0century<\/td>\n		Restoration and refurbishing in neo-Gothic style:
\na.o. choir stalls, side altars, stained glass windows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1887<\/td>\nOur Lady\u2019s Chapel (Schoenmarkt) is bought<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1891<\/td>\nSchijven organ<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
First World War<\/td>\n1914-1918<\/td>\nHardly any damage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Olympic Games in Antwerp<\/td>\n1920<\/td>\nOpening speeches Olympic Games<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1924<\/td>\nAltar of Our Lady of Peace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Second World War<\/td>\n1940-1945<\/td>\nVery little damage to stained glass windows at the south end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antwerp diocese is re-established<\/td>\n1961<\/td>\nAgain \u2018Cathedral\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1973-1983<\/td>\nrestoration of the interior: nave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1983-1993<\/td>\nrestoration of the interior: transepts and choir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antwerp \u201993: Cultural Capital of Europe<\/td>\n1993<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1993-2014<\/td>\nrestoration of the interior: ambulatory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2009<\/td>\nMsgr. Bonny: 22nd<\/sup>\u00a0bishop of Antwerp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\nInner garden protected as valuable archaeological site<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIntroduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA construction history of centuries<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Bird's eye view on Antwerp, woodcut by Virgilius Bononiensis, 1565 - detail with the cathedral<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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